Teodor Muraru

32 GB in 1980 and 2010…Anything Different?

This is one of those pictures which makes you think hard on how technology has developed in a very limited span of time. It simply shows you how IBM managed to create an enormous “external backup” device costing $ 1.137.600, able to store 32 GB of data! When I first looked at this picture I thought: ” What about in 2040?” Any guess out there?

Credit: Web Talk | How to Tutorials and Windows Tricks

2 TB SDXC – 2TB microSDXC

Current SD memory cards have a maximum storage capacity of 2GB, followed by the SDHC cards which start from 4GB up to a maximum capacity of 32GB. The current SDHC memory card generation is divided by FAT32 which provides a maximum storage capacity of 32GB. To surpass this capacity, a different FAT division is required.

SDXC – Secure Digital eXtended Capacity Recently, the SD Association announced the choice for exFAT, a standardized division that is supported by Windows VISTA and also works with Windows XP, CE and the future Windows 7 operating system. We have yet to see which hardware will be the first on the market supporting this new SDCX format. High Definition camcorders are very likely to be the first, while this type of equipment requires large storage capacities. In addition to expanding the amount of GBs to an impressive maximum of 2TB (Terabyte), speed is equally important. Where a maximum speed of 25MB/sec is reached, it will reach an astonishing 100 to 300MB/sec after the increase of bus speed by 50. SDXC Memory roadmap 64 GB SDXC – 64GB microSDXC 128 GB SDXC – 128GB microSDXC 256 GB SDXC – 256GB microSDXC 512 GB SDXC – 512GB microSDXC 1 TB SDXC – 1TB microSDXC 2 TB SDXC – 2TB microSDXC microSDXC memory cards It’s not only the ‘large’ sized SDHC memory cards that expect a ‘boost’. The microSDHC memory cards will also have their turn. It’s incredible that a capacity of 2TB will become reality, for example on a mobile phone. Also other forms will become available, such as secured (and paid for) content in the highest possible quality. It might take a while before hardware and SDXC will be connected, but given the potential of this kind of storage capacity, the upcoming period will be an interesting one!

Credit: LetsGoDigital

and again:

Evolutie preturi memorie in perioada 1955-2010…Anything Different?

Usability settings:

• move window-bar action buttons from left (Ubuntu 10.10/Mac) to right:

  gconftool-2 – type string – set /apps/metacity/general/button_layout "menu:minimize,maximize,close"

• remove confirmation for logout: System Settings -> Advanced -> Session Manager -> Confirm Logout
• remove screen-lock after screensaver: Control Center -> Screensaver -> Lock screen when screensaver is active (uncheck)

Processes management:

• move a process to background (suspend):

  CTRL-z

• list background/suspended processes:

  jobs (returns a list of ids of the stopped processes and their description: [1]+  Stopped  mc)

• bring process to foreground:

  fg 1 (where 1 is the id of the desired process to resurrect from the above list)

Computer info:

Inventory:

• # lists your hardware

  $ sudo lshw

• # lists all hard disk

  $ sudo lshw -C disk

• # xports an html page with hardware details

  $ sudo lshw -html > your-file-name.html

Sensors monitoring:

• sudo apt-get install lm-sensors sensors-applet  #(ksensors for Kubuntu)

• sudo sensors-detect

To see if your running kernel is 32-bit or 64-bit, just issue the following command:

• $ uname -m
  x86_64 indicates a running 64-bit kernel. If you use see i386, i486, i586 or i686, you're running a 32-bit kernel. Note: x86_64 is synonymous with amd64.

How to find out the Ubuntu / Kubuntu version:

• Debian:

   cat /etc/debian_version

• Ubuntu / Kubuntu:

  • cat /etc/issue

  • lsb-release -a (sau  cat /etc/lsb-release)

Change default browser:

•  update-alternatives – config x-www-browser or  update-alternatives – config www-browser 

Display (only) symbolic links with details

•  sudo find / -type l -print | xargs ls -lh

Display files/folder space usage

•  GUI: 
• FileLight, Disk Space Analyzer or gdmap  (Gnome) 
•  KDiskFree or KDirStat (KDE)

•   CLI:

• ncdu – interactive tool
• df -h
• du -bsh {FOLDER_NAME}
• du –max-depth=1 * | sort -n
• Find the top 10 biggest files: find . -type f -print0 | xargs -0 du -s | sort -n | tail -10 | cut -f2 | xargs -I{} du -sh {} 

Manage iso images and CD/DVD’s:

Create ISO imags from CD/DVD:


$ dd if=/dev/dvd of=dvd.iso # for dvd
$ dd if=/dev/cdrom of=cd.iso # for cdrom
$ dd if=/dev/scd0 of=cd.iso # if cdrom is scsi

These commands are useful for data CD/DVD images. For Audio CD’s there’s another (longer) story. (A simpler way would be to use specialized apps like: K3b, Acetoneiso, Brasero)

Create ISO image from folders:

$ mkisofs -v -o /tmp/user-folder.iso -R /home/user/user-folder

Write ISO images to CD/DVD:

• Find out your CDR/W SCSI address/device name:
  $ cdrecord -scanbus
• Write ISO image:
  $ cdrecord -v -dao dev=1,0,0 speed=8 file.iso
  (Where, -speed=XX : Specify writing speed, -v : Verbose output, -dev : The virtual SCSI ID of the writing device [discovered with the earlier command])

Mount / Umount / Format

•  sudo mount /dev/sdb1 /media/USB -t vfat  (sau ntfs / ext2/3/4) - montare partitie

•  sudo umount /dev/sdb1  - demontare partitie

•  sudo mkfs -t vfat /dev/sdb1  - formatare partitie

•  sudo eject /dev/sdb1 

Install software packages:

Subiectul este destul de bine detaliat aici. Pe scurt:

• .tar.gz / .tar.bz2:
  • extract sources:

    •  tar xzvf tarballname.tar.gz 

    •  tar xjvf tarballname.tar.bz2 

  • configure:

    •  cd tarballname 

    •  ./configure 

  • compile sources:

    •  make  [all]

    •  sudo checkinstall  [care inlocuieste:  sudo make install ]

• .deb:
  • graphic mode: double-click the file
  • console:

     sudo dpkg -i file.deb 

• .rpm:
  • conversion in .deb:

     sudo alien -k file.rpm  (after  sudo apt-get install alien , if not already installed)

  • install:

     sudo dpkg -i file.deb 

Calculate md5 checksums:

• for a string:

    echo -n "aaaaaa" | md5sum 

• for a file:

    md5sum file 

For Loop in Bash:

• The simple bash loop to do something with all files in the directory is:

   for f in * ; do echo $f ; done

  which just displays all files in this case.

  This is easy, what I usually need and often forget how to do it is to execute some action exact number of times. Something like simple for loop in C or Java. And there is an exact match for such loop in Bash too:

   for (( i=1 ; i

  I found another similar solution on the Internet today at spiralbound.net:

   for i in $(seq 1 100); do echo $i ; done

Renamefiles:

• UPPERCASE → lowercase

    rename ‘y/A-Z/a-z/’ * 

Empty existing files / Create new (temporary) files:

•  echo "" > file 

•  cp /dev/null file 

•  dd if=/dev/zero of=output.file bs=1 count=1 

•  cat /dev/null > your_file 

•  >filename

•  touch /tmp/newfilename

• command: mktemp which outputs something like: /tmp/tmp.yTfJX35144 script example:

    #!/bin/bash OUT=$(mktemp /tmp/output.XXXXXXXXXX) || { echo "Failed to create temp file"; exit 1; }  echo "Today is $(date)" >> $OUT 

Source: here and here.

Switch from openjdk to sunjdk

• Enable the Canonical Partner Software through the following steps:

  Go to Ubuntu Software Center.
  Click Edit.
  Click Software Sources.
  Switch to the Other Software tab and check Canonical Partners. This may take some time.

• In the Commandprompt, type the following sequence of commands:

  sudo apt-get update
  sudo apt-get install sun-java6-jre sun-java6-plugin
  sudo update-alternatives – config java

Cele sapte “minuni” din Caracal:

1 S-a construit un bloc si s-a uitat macaraua in interior
2 A luat foc sediul pompierilor
3 S-a furat usa politiei
4 Cimitirul e pe strada invierii
5 Brutaria e construita pe strada Foametei
6 Inchisoarea e pe strada Libertatii
7 Exista o singura scoala si se numeste Scoala nr. 2.

Braila is my city

1. Chuck Norris a luat bataie in Braila.
2. In braila s-au construt toate cladirile importante ale lumii si apoi au fost demontate si duse pe Dunare pana la destinatie; exemplu: casa poporului, empire state building, marele zid chinezesc, toate piramidele, buckingham palace, etc.
3. Tratatul de la Versailles s-a semnat la Braila pentru ca in momentul ala Palatul Versailles inca era in Braila.
4. Americanii au incercat sa imite Hexagoanele din Braila, dar nu le-a iesit decat Pentagonul.
5. Gradina Edenului e defapt Gradina Mare din Braila, acolo au trait Adam si Eva.
6. In Braila a evoluat omul din maimuta, si fiindca tot in Braila omul a fost creat, Braila este locul unde se intalnesc cele doua teorii.
7. Dumnezeu are masina cu numar de Braila.
8. In Braila s-a inventat internetul.
9. In Braila s-a inventat sexul.
10. Dupa ce brailenii au decis ca scrisul e un lucru important, au inventat ceva rudimentar si au trimis scrisul cuneiform in Mesopotamia
11. In Braila exista singurul sediu B.C.U. adica Biblioteca Centrala Universala (a universului)
12. Hrubele de sub Braila duc oriunde in lume.
13. Soarele se invarte in jurul Brailei.
More »

01. Sexul a fost atat de bun, incat si vecinii au fumat tigara de dupa.
02. Toate generalizarile sunt false… inclusiv aceasta.
03. Ateismul este o organizatie non-profet.
04. Poarta-te frumos cu copiii tai. Ei iti vor alege azilul.
05. Imprumuta bani de la un pesimist. Nu se asteapta sa i-i dai inapoi.
06. Moartea este ereditara.
07. Nu fi de neinlocuit. Daca nu poti fi inlocuit, atunci nu o sa fii niciodata promovat.
08. Ai observat vreodata cat de repede merge Windows-ul? Nici noi…
09. Experienta este ceva ce obtii abia atunci cand nu mai ai nevoie de ea.
10. Putine femei isi dezvaluie varsta reala. Putini barbati se comporta adecvat varstei reale.
11. Vand parasuta.. Folosita o singura data, nu a fost deschisa si are o mica pata.
12. Prietenii vin si pleaca. Dusmanii se acumuleaza.
13. Da-i unui om peste si va manca o zi. Invata-l sa pescuiasca si va sta toata ziua in barca cu sticla de bere in mana.
14. Cel ce rade la urma, este mai incet la minte.
15. Cum iti dai seama cand ramai fara cerneala invizibila?
16. Cum se lipeste Teflonul de tigaie?
17. Cine crede in telekinezie, sa imi ridice mana.
18. Nu sunt vegetarian pentru ca iubesc animalele. Sunt vegetarian pentru ca urasc plantele.
19. Mi-am facut un test de inteligenta si rezultatele au fost negative.
20. Inainte eram mereu indecis. Acum nu mai sunt asa sigur.
21. Daca papusa Barbie e asa populara, de ce trebuie sa ii cumparam prieteni?
22. Daca ai impresia ca nu ii pasa nimanui daca mai traiesti, incearca sa nu platesti cateva rate la banca.
23. Invata din greselile parintilor: foloseste prezervativul!
24. Multitasking inseamna sa faci mai multe lucruri prost in acelasi timp!
25. Puritanism: teama ca cineva, undeva s-ar putea sa fie fericit.
26. Sexul este ca aerul. Nu e important decat daca nu ai parte de el.
27. Zambeste! E al doilea cel mai frumos lucru pe care il poti face cu buzele.
28.. Unii beau din fantana cunoasterii. Altii fac gargara.
29. Tringhiul Bermudelor s-a plictisit de vreme calda si s-a dus in Finlanda. Cica nu vine Mos Craciun anul asta.
30. Prima pasare va prinde viermele, dar al doilea soarece fura cascavalul.
31. Cel mai scurt drum dintre doua puncte este mereu in constructie.
32. Exista trei tipuri de oameni: cei care pot sa numere si cei care nu pot.
33. Daca furi idei de la o persoana, se numeste plagiat. Daca furi idei de la mai multe persoane se numeste cercetare.
34. Care este viteza intunericului?
35. De ce abreviere este un cuvant atat de lung?
36. Femeile care vor sa fie egalele barbatilor nu sunt ambitioase.
37. Esti gelos ca vocile vorbesc cu mine si nu cu tine.
38. M-am rugat la Dumnezeu sa imi dea o bicicleta, dar am aflat ca Dumnezeu nu iti pune in traista. Asa ca am furat o bicicleta si m-am rugat pentru iertare.
39. Barbatii au doar doua necesitati: sexul si mancarea. Daca vezi ca partenerul tau nu are o erectie, da-i un sandvis.
40. Femeile nu vor fi niciodata egale barbatilor pana cand nu vor putea sa se simta sexy in ciuda cheliei si burtii de bere.
41. Dumnezeu sigur iubeste prostii. Altfel nu ar fi creat atat de multi.
42. Niciodata sa nu iei un laxativ si un somnifer in aceeasi seara.
43. Traim intr-o societate in care pizza ajunge mai repede decat politia.
44. Un barbat indragostit nu este complet pana nu se insoara. Dupa aia e terminat.
45. Stii ca lumea s-a intors pe dos cand cel mai bun rapper este alb, cel mai bun jucator de golf este negru si cel mai inalt baschetbalist din NBA este chinez.
46. Un nou studiu guvernamental finantat prin fonduri europene si desfasurat pe o perioada de 10 ani a concluzionat ca trei sferturi din populatia Romaniei inseamna 75% din populatie.
47. Intentionez sa traiesc vesnic. Pana acum sunt in grafic.
48. Psihiatrul mi-a zis ca sunt nebun. I-am zis ca am nevoie si de o a doua opinie. Mi-a zis ca sunt si urat.
49. Ultimul lucru pe care mi-l doresc este sa te ranesc. Dar e pe lista.
50. Banca este locul de unde poti sa imprumuti bani daca demonstrezi ca nu ai nevoie de ei.

credits (via email): Daniela Ciurla 

RadioTray not playing some http urls

open ~/.gstreamer-0.10
remove or rename the registry.x86_64.bin
Open your music player.
It’ll regenerate the registry file and correctly use the aac plugin.

Source: here

Reparare sistem de fisiere ext4:

sudo fsck.ext4 /dev/sda3 [-p|-a]  sau

e2fsck -f -v -y /dev/sda3 [aceasta comanda e utilizata de gparted, la aplicarea optiunii “Check”] (alte informatii aici si aici)

Firefox intra in modul “Work offline” la fiecare pornire

Motiv:

Se foloseste alt manager de retea (wicd, in cazul meu), iar firefox-ul interogheaza doar network-manager, nu si wicd, care il inlocuieste, si nu stie ca computerul este conectat la net (fie cu un modem USB, fie wireless / cablu / PPPoE).

Rezolvare:

se tasteaza ‘about:config‘ in address bar (se accepta indicatia firefox-ului de a nu ‘strica’ nimic), se cauta optiunea  ‘toolkit.networkmanager.disable‘ (se poate folosi campul de filtrare) si se seteaza pe true. (kudos: openbala.com)

Dupa update de kernel, Kubuntu nu mai vede placile de retea (wired/wireless)

Motiv:

• update-ul (automat al) kernel-ului.

Rezolvare:

• /sbin/ifconfig -a
• sudo dhclient3 eth0 (wlan0)

Alternativa:

• instalare wicd: sudo apt-get install wicd

Pango-WARNING **: shaping failure, expect ugly output.

I had the same problem with firefox 3.6.3 (not that the version matters…).

Motiv:

Este o eroare provenita de la fonturi instalate incorect sau cu drepturi de acces nepotrivite.

Rezolvare:

I tried some simple things:

• I ran firefox as normal user (firefox in the console) -> it happened as described in this forum (no text, and the console was full of errors like: “Pango-WARNING **: shaping failure, expect ugly output. shape-engine=’BasicEngineFc’“).
• I ran firefox as root (sudo firefox from the console) -> everything was OK (the console was clean).

So, the most simple solution was to delete all the fonts (as root):
cd /usr/share/fonts/truetype/msttcorefonts
rm -rf *
and reinstall them (as normal user):
sudo apt-get install msttcorefonts
here i ran into another smaller problem with a ttf font installer, so I had to do:
sudo apt-get remove ttf-mscorefonts-installer
sudo apt-get install msttcorefonts

Starting KTTSD failed

Este o eroare provenita de la lipsa pachetului KTTSD (text-to-speech).

Motive:

pachetul kttsd nu e instalat si apoi:
1. exista o instalare anterioara de KDE (sau un backup/restore) care lasa in urma directorul .kde ce contine setari care implica acest feature
2. ceasul analog/digital este setat sa spuna ora prin text-to-speech

Rezolvare:

1. cea mai simpla: instalati  pachetul KTTSD  si dependintele sale, cu un total de ~ 24 MB – daca nu aveti limita/penurie de spatiu;
2. cautati si stergeti directorul .kde din home de la o fosta instalare KDE care instalase pachete din gama Accesibility, sau dezactivati folosirea feature-ului text-to-speech din programele/utilitarele care ruleaza – mai multe detalii aici si aici.

Redenumire fisiere din majuscule in ‘minuscule’

Motive:

Am incercat sa uploadez pe photobucket.com niste poze preluate de pe camera mea , iar uploader-ul lor nu vedea decat fisierele cu extensiile scrise cu litere mici (minuscule?!), asa ca a trebuit sa le modific..

Rezolvare:

In Dolphin (managerul de fisiere default din Kubuntu) nu se pot modifica numele de fisiere bulk, si nu aveam chef sa fac iar comparatii intre file-managere, asa ca am trecut in clasica linie de comanda si am rezolvat usor (bine, dupa 5 minute de incercari si la sfarsit apeland la man [rtfm!]):